What does the term "affective filter" refer to in language learning?

The term "affective filter" refers to a concept in language acquisition that highlights the impact of emotional factors on the learning process. When a learner experiences negative emotions, such as anxiety, fear, or lack of motivation, their ability to absorb and process new language input is hindered. This barrier makes it more challenging for individuals to engage with the language, impacting their overall proficiency and retention. In contrast, positive emotional states, like enthusiasm or confidence, can lower the affective filter, allowing for more effective communication and learning. Therefore, understanding and addressing the emotional environment in which language learning occurs is crucial for educators working with English Language Learners.