In Cummin's Quadrants, which type of activity should be used second in a lesson for ELLs?

The correct choice emphasizes the use of complex language paired with a familiar subject, which is ideal for ELLs as their language proficiency develops. At this stage, learners already have a foundation of vocabulary and concepts related to the familiar subject, allowing them to engage more deeply with the complex language structures and terminology associated with it. This balance helps to enhance their understanding and provides an opportunity for them to stretch their language skills in a supportive context.

When ELLs are exposed to complex language in a familiar setting, they can make connections between what they already know and the new language patterns they are encountering. This reinforces their comprehension and encourages them to express their thoughts using more advanced vocabulary and grammar. Engaging with familiar content also reduces anxiety and allows learners to focus more on language development rather than trying to grasp entirely new concepts at the same time.

In contrast, scenarios involving unfamiliar subjects or overly simplistic language may not challenge the students adequately or may not engage them in a meaningful way that promotes growth in their language skills. Therefore, choosing activities that combine complex language with a familiar subject is a strategic step in the learning progressions for ELLs.