How long can it take for dual-language learners to acquire a new language?

Dual-language learners, particularly children, typically require a significant amount of time to acquire proficiency in a new language, especially when it comes to reaching an academic level of understanding. While basic conversational skills may develop relatively quickly—within one to three years—academic language skills, which involve a deeper understanding of vocabulary, syntax, and context, generally take longer to master.

Research shows that for many learners, particularly those who are immersed in a new language environment and are receiving consistent support, the timeline to fully acquire the nuances of a second language often spans three to five years at a minimum. However, achieving full proficiency and the ability to navigate complex academic tasks can take five to seven years, as learners gradually build up their language skills through practice and exposure. This timeframe includes developing competencies necessary for reading, writing, and critical thinking in the new language.

This extended period allows learners to assimilate not just the language but also the cultural contexts in which it is used, facilitating better communication and comprehension skills over time. Therefore, the timeframe given in this context aligns with research findings around second language acquisition, making it the most appropriate choice.