According to Cummins' Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model, what can ELLs transfer between their first and second languages?

The correct choice highlights that cognitive academic skills can be transferred between a student's first language and their second language, as outlined in Cummins' Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model. This model asserts that both languages share a common underlying proficiency, which means that when learners develop cognitive skills in one language, those skills can support their learning in another language.

For instance, if a student understands the concepts of math or science in their first language, they can apply that same understanding when learning in their second language, facilitating a smoother transition and deeper comprehension. This transferability is vital for ELLs, as it allows them to leverage their existing knowledge and skills instead of starting from scratch.

The other options, while related to language learning, do not encompass the broader cognitive aspect highlighted by the CUP model. Basic conversational skills, cultural knowledge, and social skills vary significantly and do not necessarily rely on the underlying cognitive abilities that are essential for academic success.